Recent DNA analysis has led scientists to discover that Syrah was born out of two lesser known grape varieties from Southeastern France — … This variety ripens quickly, resulting in a relatively short véraison-ripeness period. clone showing very few symptoms of decline. Also a DOC Sirah Piedmont exists. In the United States, wine produced from the grape is normally called by its French name, "Syrah". [6] Today it is Australia's most popular red grape, but has not always been in such favour; in the 1970s, white wine was so popular that growers were ripping out unprofitable Shiraz and Grenache vineyards, even those with old vines. Secondary flavor and aroma notes are those associated with several things, generally winemakers' practices (such as oak barrel and yeast treatment). Since the name "Shiraz" has been used primarily in Australia in modern times, while the earliest Australian documents use the spelling "Scyras", it has been speculated (among others by Jancis Robinson[9]) to be in fact a so-called "strinization" of Syrah's name via Scyras. While Spanish and Algerian wines are also known to have been used for this purpose, top Bordeaux châteaux would use Hermitage to improve their wines, especially in weaker vintages.[6][16]. In 1999, Syrah was found to be the offspring of two obscure grapes from southeastern France, Dureza and Mondeuse Blanche. [7] Syrah has occasionally been used as a blending component with Argentina's signature dark-skinned grape Malbec to provide an "Argentinian take" on the Australian Cabernet-Shiraz blend. While previously unused parts of the northern Rhône vineyards have been planted with Syrah as part of the expansion, the major part of the new French Syrah plantations are located in southern Rhône (which covers a much larger vineyard area than the northern part) and Languedoc-Roussillon. This variety is seemingly originally from the northern Côtes du Rhône or the Dauphiné region. and Grando, M.S. [citation needed] The name "Shiraz" became popular for this grape variety in Australia, where it has long been established as the most grown dark-skinned variety. It is primarily grown in warmer regions. In many regions the acidity and tannin levels of Syrah allow the wines produced to have favorable aging potential. It originates from the Northern Rhône region of France but is now grown in many countries. Surrounded by awarding-winning lush gardens and century-old evergreens, the Grape Leaf Inn is tucked away on a quiet historic street, a four block walk from fine shops and restaurants and minutes from more than 104 wineries. [17] One of the varieties collected by him was Syrah, although Busby used the two spellings "Scyras" and "Ciras". [8] Pliny called the vines of this wine Allobrogica, and it has been speculated that it could be today's Syrah. "Shiraz" is also the S in "GSM" (Grenache-Shiraz-Mourvèdre), which is common Australian designation for a Châteneuf-du-Pape-like blend. clone showing very few symptoms of decline. Syrah is increasingly being grown and produced in Oregon Syrah is also found in small regions in Ohio. BOOK NOW! High vigor and drooping bearing. [26], In 1968, there existed only 2,700 hectares (6,700 acres) of Syrah vineyards in France, primarily in the traditional appellations of northern Rhône, which at that time had not received much attention in the wine world for several decades, and the vineyards of which were not planted to full capacity. It is also planted in Portugal, which favor making varietal Syrah wine, and not only blending with other types. Clone appreciated for the configuration of its bunches, its low production potential, the color and the quality of the wines obtained. [2], Syrah is used as a single varietal or as a blend. It was propagated by and named after Dr. Francois Durif. In 1831, the Scotsman James Busby, often called "the Father of Australian viticulture", made a trip back to Europe to collect cuttings from vines (primarily from France and Spain) for introduction to Australia. In exceptional cases, this may be 15 years or longer. - By Jeni Port, Winestate Magazine, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syrah&oldid=984541408, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Shiraz, Hermitage, Antourenein noir, Candive, High tannins, high acidity, blackberry, dark chocolate, Mint, eucalyptus, smoked meat, black pepper, Liquorice, cloves, espresso, mocha, dark chocolate, This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 17:00. Regions such as Rutherglen have achieved international regard for their Durif. However, the description of the wine would also fit, for example, Dureza,[1] and Pliny's observation that vines of Allobrogica were resistant to cold is not entirely consistent with Syrah.[8]. Good maturity despite the production level. clone generally showing very few symptoms of decline. Hermitage wines have for centuries had a reputation for being powerful and excellent. [38] Syrah was introduced into Washington state in 1986 by Red Willow Vineyard through their partnership with Woodinville, Washington-based Columbia Winery and Master of Wine David Lake. South African plantations have expanded significantly, from 1% of the vineyard area in 1995 to 9.7% in 2007[36] making up a total area under cultivation of 9,856 hectares (24,350 acres). The optimum harvest period is short and is evaluated not only by considering sugar and acidity concentrations, but also by the weight of the berries, bunches and berry analysis, and berry tasting. Description of clones certified in France, aromatic, concentrated wines with a good tannic structure. Climate and Terroir for the Syrah Grape Syrah is grown all over the world today, in both hot and cool climates with varying soil compositions. California Syrahs, much like those in France, vary a great deal based on the climate and terroir that they inhabit. Needless to say, the color and texture provided by the grape skins are vitally important and are the canvas for a winemakers palette. It is usually a multi-regional blend of quality South Australian Shiraz, with the Barossa Valley playing an important role, and matured in new American Oak. The popularity of Australian Shiraz on the export market may also have played a role. Due to their concentrated flavours and high tannin content, many premium Syrah wines are at their best after some considerable bottle aging. Less compact clusters. The bunches are small to medium in size and the berries are small. [7], The parentage information, however, does not reveal how old the grape variety is, i.e., when the pollination of a Mondeuse blanche vine by Dureza took place, leading to the original Syrah seed plant. In the southern Rhône, it is used as a blending grape in such wines as Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Gigondas and Côtes du Rhône, where Grenache usually makes up the bulk of the blend. [30], The Syrah grape was introduced into Switzerland in 1926 and in 2009 was the 6th most common red wine grape in Switzerland (181 hectares). In Australia, it was also commonly called Hermitage up to the late 1980s, but since that name is also a French Protected Designation of Origin, this naming practice caused a problem in some export markets and was dropped. As of 2015 it was the seventh most grown red grape in Spain, with 20,155 hectares (49,800 acres) accounting for 4% of the red grape total. King Room. Recently, Australian Shiraz producers have started to add up to 4% Viognier to their Shiraz to add apricot tones to the wine's nose and palate. Syrah is not very susceptible to downy mildew but is rather sensitive to mites and grey rot, especially at the end of the ripening period. The seven certified Syrah clones carry the numbers 470, 471, 524, 747, 1140, 1141 and 1188. [12][13][14] So while the name or spelling "Shiraz" may be an effect of the English language on a French name, there is no evidence that it actually originated in Australia, although it was definitely the Australian usage and the Australian wines that made the use of this name popular. The Penfolds Grange is predominantly Shiraz but often includes a small quantity of Cabernet Sauvignon. Collectif, 2007, Ed. Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of grape used in wine. [31], The Shiraz grape cluster, illustration from, For the no-longer-produced historical wine, see. Mondeuse blanche is a white grape variety cultivated in the Savoy region, and is still found in small amounts in that region's vineyards today. Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding, José Vouillamoz, the viticultural research station in Montpellier, Carole Meredith: Origins of Syrah, p. 3-4 in: The Syrah Producers' Club 19 April 2004 – Syrah Worldwide Roma, "A Single Pair of Parents Proposed for a Group of Grapevine Varieties in Northeastern France". round wines with good tannic structure on the palate. [1][4][5][6][7], Dureza, a dark-skinned grape variety from the Ardèche region in France, has all but disappeared from the vineyards, and the preservation of such varieties is a speciality of Montpellier. This made Shiraz the most planted variety in Australia[34] and Australia the world's second largest Syrah/Shiraz grower, after France.[7]. Syrah can produce great quality red wines with a fairly high alcohol degree, that are suited to ageing. In 1999, Syrah was found to be the offspring of two obscure grapes from southeastern France, Dureza and Mondeuse Blanche. IFV, Le Grau-du-Roi, France. Although its best incarnations will age for decades, less-extracted styles may be enjoyed young for their lively red and blueberry characters and smooth tannin structure. Durif is a cross breed between the lesser known Peloursin and Syrah. With time in the bottle these primary notes are moderated and then supplemented with earthy or savory tertiary notes such as leather and truffle. Editors’ Choice. From the 1970s and even more from the 1990s, Syrah has enjoyed increased popularity, and plantings of the variety have expanded significantly in both old and new locations. [31] Mostly grown in Valais, along the upper Rhône valley above Lake Geneva, it produces "unexpectedly concentrated wine from mature vines". 2006. It can also be found in several Australian wine regions such as: Barossa, Heathcote, Coonawarra, Hunter Valley, Margaret River and McLaren Vale. Varietal labeling of Syrah/Shiraz wines is therefore a practice that has emerged in the New World, primarily in Australia. Worldwide plantations of Syrah have increased considerably in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and both "Syrah"-labelled and "Shiraz"-labelled wines are on the increase.[7]. The grape would then later have made its way to northern Rhône, which was never colonized by the Phocaeans.

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